It seems to be a natural instinct to immediately question the Toyota Production system as soon as the words “toyota” and “recall” appear in the headlines. 

The most neglected of the five original Lean principles by Dan Jones and Jim Womack to my knowledge is the first: “Define Value From the Customers Perspective…”

How to define what value exactly is for your customer, and how to find out what your customer is telling you about their perceived value seems to be difficult.